·
Mentalism
and behaviorism have at least three things to be involved: outside speakers,
inside speakers and speech.
·
Outside
speakers, inside speakers and speech could be discussed as ecological systems,
distinct from each other because of the point of view taken an odd result,
since the need for a point of view should not arise, and the perennial disputes
between rival conceptions would be even more puzzling.
·
Science
itself was of an intellectual, logically deductive enterprise.
·
Mentalism
was clearly out of step with empirical science defined by Positivists.
·
Speech-behavior
is labeled a substitute response to an immediate outside speaker stimulus;
inside speaker also is a substitute stimulus for outside speaker responses
otherwise occasioned by outside speaker stimuli.
·
Speech
is taken to be an objectively observable activity of an organism, a succession
of substitute stimuli and responses.
·
Inside
speaker was seen as really no more than a spatially isolable part of outside
speaker, individually shaped as its own piece of the entire ecology by social
conditioning.
·
Language
con be seen as the totally of mutually effective substitute responses.
·
Mentalism
is dualistic, it recognizes two kinds of data, experience, perception, insight,
causality, evidence, explanation, study goals and methods of study.
·
Behaviorims
is monistic, it admits only a single kind of data, erroneously distinguished by
mentalist into experience, insight, perception, causality.
·
The
literary standard is accessible through general or personal educational effort,
transcends geographic and social barriers, and is used on occasions described
as formal.
·
The
colloquial standard is observed in situations lacking formal behaviors among
observably privileged classes within a larger speech.
·
The
provincial standard is observed among those remote geographically from the
formative environments of cultural centers.
·
Phonetics
demonstrates that actual sounds lack clear-cut phonetic differences, even when
refined discrimination is possible in the laboratory.
·
Contrasts
are differences that count, since a pair of languages might have the same
phonetic inventory, yet be differently structured.
·
Linguistic
form is the situation in which the speaker utters it and the response which it
calls forth in the hearer.
·
Borrowing
is to provide an objective way of describing linguistic and cultural contact,
influence and evaluation.
